Apparatus for vaporizing and burning hydrocarbon oils



No .VIOQGL, 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

E. O. DANIELS.

APPARATUS FOR VAPORIZING AND BURNING HYDROOARBON OILS.

No. 394,343. Patened Dec. 11, 1888.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OEEIcE.

EUGENE O. DANIELS, OF SPRINGFIELD, OHIO.

APPARATUS FOR VAPORIZING AND BURNING HYDROCARBON OILS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 394,343, dated December11, 1888.

Application filed January 27, 1888- Serial No, 262,104. (No model.)-

To aZZ whom, it may concczgn:

Be it known that I, EUGENE DANIELS, a citizen of the United States,residing at Springfield, in the county of Clark and State of Ohio, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Vaporizingand Burning Hydrocarbon Oils, of which the following is a specification,reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements inhydrocarbon -oil burners, and is designed with special reference tobeing used in heating-stoves.

The essential objects of the invention are, first, that of reducing theoil to a vapor for burning it in flames directed, essentially, in aradial course, and of supplying currents of air above the liames, andalso in an outward or radial direction, and with such force as to directan d hold the flames toward and against the encircling wall of a stovein which the device is placed, whereby the heat is fully utilized andits effect immediately felt by the stove, whence it radiates into theroom; secondly, that of so reducing the oil and then burning the vaporand of supplying a column of water to the burner and so subjected to theaction of the oil-flames as to be highly heated or reduced to steam andejected into and commingle with the flames, whereby it is decomposed andits constituent gases utilized as a part of the fuel; thirdly, that ofsupplying a quantity of non-combustible absorbent beneath theburner-orifices, so as to absorb the drip ilings and give them off invaporous fornnwhence they become a part of the fuel; and, fourthly, ofcertainother minor matters, hereinafter more fully pointed out.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, andon which like reference-letters indicate corresponding parts, Figure 1represents a partial side elevation and sectional view of aheating-stove of any approved construction with my improved oil-burnermounted therein, and also partly in section and elevation; Fig. 2, anenlarged detail plan view of the drippings-receptacle, the retort, andthe burner; Fig. 3, a detail enlarged plan view of the preferred form ofretort; Fig. 41 a like view of the burner; Fig. 5, a partial sideelevation and sectional view of the burner; Fig. 6, a plan view of thedrippings=receptacle; Fig. 7, a sectional view thereof; Fig. 8, a planview of a modified form of burner; 9, a partial plan view of acorresponding form of the drippings-receptacle; Fig. 10, a detailsectional view of a portion of the retort, the burner, and thevaportube; and Fig. 11, a detail plan view of another modified form ofretort.

The letter A designates a heating-stove of the ordinary or any approvedtype, upon the grate or perforated bottom plate, 13, of which is placeda receptacle,- G, constructed, preferably, of cast-iron and of the formshown,wl1ich includes an annular space, D, beneath the retort, andadapted to contain a quantity of non-combustible absorbent material,E-as asbestus. This material takes up the slight drippings of oil whichoccur when the oil is first turned on in lighting the burner, and theabsorbent, bei n g near the retort, becomes heated and the drippingsvaporized and taken up by the flames. The receptacle, as also has acentral air-passage, 'l through which the current of cold air is drawnupward and deflected outward by the deflector G, passing through theapertures II in its radial course. The purpose of this supply of air andof directing it radially toward the walls of the stove is to assist indirecting the flames toward the walls of the stove and to prevent themfrom rising upward and not going so directly against those walls. Theadvantage of this is obvious, for it intensifies the heat where it ismost needed-namely, around the inner walls of the stove whence itseffectis more clearly perceived in the room.

The letter I designates the burner, the same being made, preferably, ofoast-iron and composed of a series of radial arms, J, through each ofwhich extends a vapol passage, M, and a water or steam passage, L,respectively, from the central apertures, 11- and N. These arms J areconnected at their outer ends by a ring, H, notched at intervals to formpassages for the purposes above mentioned. This burner fits upon theinner vertical wall of the receptacle 0, shown in Fig. l. The letter Prefers to a retort, made, preferably, of cast-iron and of rectangularform, and sup plied with an oil-pipe, Q, at one end and a vapor-tube, R,at the other end, connected, preferably, as shown in Fig. 12. The innerpressure is prevented.

end of the vapor-tube enters the aperture M in the burner and compelsthe vapor to flow from the retortinto the orifices K. The retort restsupon the receptacle 0, which is provided with seats for it and for thevapor-tube, as seen in Fig. 7. The retort, being non-continuous, byreason of the gap appearing between the ends thereof, is free tocontract and expand without liability of breakage. At the end of eachside the retort is provided with an opening and a screw-threaded plug,S. The object of these devices is to admit of inserting an instrumentinto each side of the retort to cleanse and remove any carbonaceous orother deposits which may accumulate. The deflector G, as alreadyintimated, rests upon the burner, (though it maybe otherwise supported.)

Upon the upper end of the stove I place a water-reservoir, T, throughthe upper end of which'loosely passes a valve-stem, U, the space aroundwhich allows of the escapeifi steam, should any be generated, wherebyThe lower end of the stem is screw-threaded and fits a column, V,through which is formed one or more apertures, \V, which'admit waterinto the tube X, which leads from the column into the aperture N of theburner. By adjusting the valvestein U a sufficient amount of water isadmitted'to the tube X and subjected to the heat arising from theflames, and either highly heated or converted into steam on its way toand through the orifices L, from which it issues and commingles with theflames, being finally decomposed into its constituent gases and utilizedas a part of the fuel, and adding to the intensity of the heat andreducing the consumption of oil. I contemplate using my improvedoil-burner both with and without the water-supply device described,though I prefer to use it in connection with said device; I

The particular construction and arrangement of the water-supply devicemay of course'be varied; but I prefer those shown and described. I havehad the burner in practical operation, and have found that it is veryefiective as a heater, and is economical in the consumption of oil andeasily controlled. The oil-supply pipe Q is provided with a cut off, Y,as seen in Fig. 1, and thence runs to a suitable 'supply'located abovethe level of the burner, so that the oil will readily flow thereto. Theamount admitted to the burner is 0011- trolled by the cut-oft Y, whichis of any approved construction. In Fig. 8 I have illustrated a modifiedform of the burner, which differs from the form described.

The space between the arms J of the burner allows of the air passingupward on its way to the deflector. This is important when thedrippings-receptacle is so arranged that the air cannot pass upwardthrough it or outside of it, because the spaces between these arms .I insuch instances afford the only passages for the air-draft.

In Fig. 11. I' have illustrated substantially the same form of retortasshown in Figs. 2 and 3, but dii't'erently c mstructed in point ofdetail, being composed of short sections of the pipe a and of couplingsb. In cleaning this form of retort the parts can be unscrewed and accessreadily had to the interior.

Referring to Figs. 3 and 10, the letter (1 designates a cut-off stem,the end (1 of which fits a seat, 6, in the vapor-tube R for the purposeof controlling the admission of vapor to the burner .I. It has alreadybeen observed that the cut-off Y controls the quantity of oil that flowsto the retort. But the cutoff 0' controls the admission of vapor to theburner and prevents the escape of. vapor into the stove before it can beignited at the burner, for immediately the oil enters the retort thevapor enters the stove through the burner before it can be ignited,unless a cutoff is supplied between the retort and the burner. The termrectangular retort is intended to include a retort composed of straightsections,whether the sections occupy right angles or other angles towardeach other.

It will be observed that the drip-receptacle prevents air from risingbeneath upward along the inner wall of the stove, which might have theeffect of preventing the flames from imm cdiate contact with said wall.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In an apparatus for vaporizin and b urning hydrocarbon oils, thecombination, with a retort having an oilsupply pipe and a radialvapor-pipe, of a burner'composed of a central hub-like body having anopening fitted to saidvapor-pipe and a series of arms proj ecting fromsaid body, an oil-fuel orifice and a water-fuel orifice, both runninglengthwise through each arm, a water-vessel, and a waterpipe connectingit with the water-orifice, while the oil-orifices communicate with saidvaporpipe.

2. In an apparatus for vaporizing and burning hydrocarbon oils, theburner proper, consisting of a series of radial arms, each having twoorifices lengthwise through it, and two central orifices communicating,respectively, with the sets of radial orifices.

3. In an apparatus for vaporizing and burning hydrocarbon oils, thecombination, with a drippings-receptacle having an outer and an innerrim, a quantity of non-combustible absorbent therein between, the rims,and an enlarged central opening within the inner rim, of a retort fittedabove and supported by said receptacle, a vapor-tube leading from theretort radially and partly across the said open: ing, and a burnerhaving a central. portion fitted upon said V%L1)O1't11l)6, and radialarms with vertical air-spaces between them and oil-orifices runninglengthwise through them, 1 a \mter-reser .'oir mounted on the upper partsubstantially as shown and described. i of the stove, 2L Water-pipeleading therefrom I 5 4. In an apparatus for vaporizing and hurn i toone set of the radial orifices, 21 valve to coning hydrocarbon oils, thefollowing instrul trol the admission of water to said pipe, and

5 mentalities: 2t drippings-receptacle mounted I a tube connecting theretort with the other in thelmverpartof astovelizwiug'zieentral airsetof said orifices. opening and containing a non-00ml)usti'i)le Intestimon x whereoll a-i'tix my signature 2o absorbent, a retort mountedupon said reeepin presenee of two witnesses.

f is. 1 nuemn o. nANInLs [o mounted upon bilhl rweptaeie and hm met 0sets of radial orifices and vertical air-pns- Witnesses:

sziges, and a deflector sup iorted upon The JOHN BASSEJT, J12,

burner, and. nir-o n'mings under the deflector, E. S. \VALLACE.

